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Ultra fine grain emulsion: PFG-03C (panchromatic)

Figure 1: Grain size distribution for PFG-03C.


Figure 2: Spectral sensitivity of the PFG-03C material.


Figure 3: Diffraction efficiency of PFG-03C.

This material is designed for the production of full-colour reflection holograms using CW laser radiation in the blue (457nm - Argon laser), green (514nm - Argon laser) and red (633nm -HeNe laser). This is an ultra fine grain emulsion (see grain distribution curve on Fig.1). Due to the very small grain size emulsion is also less sensitive than fine grain emulsions, has shorte life time and the emulsion processing is more difficult.

A spectral sensitivity curve of the PFG-03C material is shown in Fig.2. Diffraction efficiency versus exposure is shown in Fig.3. The maximum diffraction efficiency in the blue region is >25% and in the green and red regions >45%.

Typical sensitivity values for PFG-03C are 2mJ/cm2 and 3mJ/cm2 for the blue and red/green regions respectively. Recommended processing is given in table1, recommended chemistry - in table2.
Exposure 2.5 - 3.0 mJ/cm2
Hardening Hardener, 6 min
Wash Water, 1-2 min
Development VRP, 4 - 5min
Wash Water, 1-2 min
Bleach PBU-Amidol, 5-8 min
Wash Water, 1-2 min
Stop bath Stop bath, 2 min
Wash Water, 1-2 min
Bathing Water with wetting agent (Agepon), 1min
Drying Slow Air Drying

Table 1: Recommended processing for PFG-03C

Hardener
Formalin 37% 10ml
Potassium Bromide 2g
Sodium Carbonate 5g
Water to 1L

VRP Developer - Concentrated solution:
Sodium Sulphite (Andydrous) 194g
Hydoquinone 25g
Potassium Hydroxide  22g
Methyl Phenidone  1.5g
Potassium Bromide  20g
Potassium Metaborate  140g
1,2,3-Benzotriazole  0.1g
Distilled Water to 1L

Working solution: 1 part of developer + 6 parts water.

PBU-Amidol Bleach
Potassium Persulphate 10.0g
Citric Acid 50.0g
Cupric Bromide 1.0g
Potassium Bromide 20.0g
Amidol 1.0g
Water to 1.0L
Stop Bath
Acetic Acid 20g
Water to 1.0L

Table 5: Recommended Chemistry for PFG-03C.

TITLE

CHEMICAL

FORMULA

Sigma Aldrich code

Fluka code

Hardener

Formalin 37%

HCHO

F 1635

47608

Potassium Bromide

KBr

P 9881

60095

Sodium Carbonate

Na2CO3

S 7795

71351

VRP Developer (Concentr.)

Sodium Sulphite (Andydrous)

Na2SO3

S 8018

71990

Hydroquinone

C6H4-1,4-(OH)2

H 7148

53965

Potassium Hydroxide

KOH

P 1767

60381

Phenidone

C6H5-C3H5N2O

P 3441

60381

Potassium Bromide

KBr

P 9881

90095

Potassium Metaborate

KBO2

-

-

1,2,3-Benzotriazole

C6H4NHN2

B 2282

12798

PBU-Amidol Bleach

Potassium Persulphate

K2S2O8

P 9392

60490

Citric Acid

HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2

C 0759

27488

Cupric Bromide

CuBr2

-

61185

Potassium Bromide

KBr

P 9881

60095

Amidol

(NH2)2C6H3OH•2HCl

23,010-3

33230

Stop Bath

Acetic Acid

CH3COOH

A 6283

45741

Table 6: Chemical Formulas and suppliers codes.

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